Understanding Refractory Chronic Cough: What You Need to Know Have you ever faced a cough that simply refuses to subside? While most coughs resolve independently, some persist for an unacceptable length of time—weeks, months, or even years. This condition is known as refractory chronic cough (RCC), and it is a significant issue that demands attention in the medical community, especially among specialists in ear, nose, and throat (ENT) care. In this blog post, we will clearly outline what RCC is, why it occurs, and the most promising treatments available to those suffering from relentless coughing. What is Refractory Chronic Cough? A chronic cough is defined as one that lasts longer than eight weeks in adults. For many individuals, it is associated with conditions such as asthma, allergies, acid reflux, or certain medications. However, there are instances where the cough continues even after these underlying causes have been effectively ad...
What to look for when you have a broken nose?
The nose is made of two parts solid nasal bones in upper third and lower two third of cartilage. Trauma to the nose due to a road traffic accident, fall, contact sports, or fight can cause fracture of the nasal bone.
What symptoms to look for when you have a broken nose?
Swelling of the nose- swelling and bruising on the nose should settle down in 3-5 days. If the swelling stays longer than this seek advice from the doctor.
Bruising under the eyes will settle in a week. If there is a blurring of vision, you need to attend A&E.
Nose bleed and or clear discharge from the nose - Trauma to face can cause a nose bleed. If the nose bleed does not stop by using an ice pack on the forehead or you have a clear watery discharge from the nose, then you should attend A&E. These could be a sign of head injury.
Difficulty in breathing through the nose can be due to swelling inside the nose or blood collection under the lining of the nose (septal haematoma). If the pain inside the nose is getting worse and the nose is getting more blocked seek immediate help.
Change in shape - the shape of the nose can change due to fracture of nasal bone or cartilage.
When should I go to accident and emergency with the fractured nose?
If you have symptoms of head injury ( loss of consciousness, fits, difficulty in speaking and walking, loss of orientation, clear fluid from the nose, double vision), nose bleed which does not stop, open wound with a fractured bone.
Can Broken Nose be fixed?
If after the injury to the nose you notice the shape is changed, this can be corrected by a simple procedure known as nasal fracture manipulation. Nasal fracture manipulation is performed after swelling of nose settled down and before 14 days have passed.
When is surgery needed for a broken nose?
If nasal trauma heals with a crooked nose or fractured septum, then you may need a procedure called septorhinoplasty. ENT surgeons are trained and skilled to manage both septum for breathing problems and shape of the nose.
What are long term effects if a broken nose is left untreated?
Fractured nasal bone can leave you with crooked nose or hump. The fractured septum can cause breathing and sinus symptoms to get worse. Nasal obstruction can lead to poor quality of sleep/sleep apnea.
Mr Gaurav Kumar
Consultant ENT Surgeon
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Disclaimer: For general information only, always seek medical advice from your treating consultant